ဟိရဂနphuarkamingaiacay ih
| Hiragana ひらがな | |
|---|---|
 | |
| အမျိုးအစား |
Syllabary |
| ဘာသာစကားများ | Japanese and Okinawan |
အချိန်ကာလ | ~800 AD to the present |
မိခင်စနစ်များ |
Oracle Bone Script
|
ညီအစ်မစနစ်များ | Katakana, Hentaigana |
| လားရာ | Left-to-right |
| ISO 15924 |
Hira, 410 |
Unicode alias | Hiragana |
Unicode range |
U+3040-U+309F Hiragana, U+1B000-U+1B0FF Kana Supplement |
ဟိရဂန (平仮名, ひらがな, ဂျပန် အသံထွက်: [çiɾaɡana]) သည် ဂျပန်ဘာသာရေးနည်းစနစ် တစ်မျိုး ဖြစ်၏။ ဂျပန်ဘာသာရေးရာတွင် ဟိရဂန၊ ခတခန၊ ခန်ဂျိ နှင့် ရိုမဂျိ အစရှိသည့် ရေးနည်းစနစ်များ ပါဝင်သည်။ ဟိရဂနသည် အသံထွက်အတိုင်း ရေးရသည့်စနစ် ဖြစ်သည်။ ဟိရဂနဆိုသည့် စကားလုံးသည် သဒ္ဒါအလိုအားဖြင့် ပုံမှန် သို့မဟုတ် ရိုးရှင်းမှု ခန(ခန်ဂျိနှင့် ကွဲပြားခြင်း) ဟု အဓိပ္ပါယ်ရသည်။[၁][၂]
ရေးသားခြင်း နည်းစနစ်[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
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| unused/obsolete | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The modern hiragana syllabary consists of 46 base characters:
- 5 singular vowels
- 40 consonant–vowel unions
- 1 singular consonant
ဟိရဂနဇယား[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
| Monographs (gojūon) | Digraphs (yōon) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | i | u | e | o | ya | yu | yo | |
| ∅ | あ a [a] |
い i [i] |
う u [ɯ] |
え e [e] |
お o [o] |
|||
| K | か ka [ka] |
き ki [ki] |
く ku [kɯ] |
け ke [ke] |
こ ko [ko] |
きゃ kya [kʲa] |
きゅ kyu [kʲɯ] |
きょ kyo [kʲo] |
| S | さ sa [sa] |
し shi [ɕi] |
す su [sɯ] |
せ se [se] |
そ so [so] |
しゃ sha [ɕa] |
しゅ shu [ɕɯ] |
しょ sho [ɕo] |
| T | た ta [ta] |
ち chi [t͡ɕi] |
つ tsu [t͡sɯ] |
て te [te] |
と to [to] |
ちゃ cha [t͡ɕa] |
ちゅ chu [t͡ɕɯ] |
ちょ cho [t͡ɕo] |
| N | な na [na] |
に ni [ɲi] |
ぬ nu [nɯ] |
ね ne [ne] |
の no [no] |
にゃ nya [ɲa] |
にゅ nyu [ɲɯ] |
にょ nyo [ɲo] |
| H | は ha [ha] ([ɰa] as particle) |
ひ hi [çi] |
ふ fu [ɸɯ] |
へ he [he] ([e] as particle) |
ほ ho [ho] |
ひゃ hya [ça] |
ひゅ hyu [çɯ] |
ひょ hyo [ço] |
| M | ま ma [ma] |
み mi [mi] |
む mu [mɯ] |
め me [me] |
も mo [mo] |
みゃ mya [mʲa] |
みゅ myu [mʲɯ] |
みょ myo [mʲo] |
| Y | や ya [ja] |
ゆ yu [jɯ] |
よ yo [jo] |
|||||
| R | ら ra [ɾa] |
り ri [ɾi] |
る ru [ɾɯ] |
れ re [ɾe] |
ろ ro [ɾo] |
りゃ rya [ɾʲa] |
りゅ ryu [ɾʲɯ] |
りょ ryo [ɾʲo] |
| W | わ wa [ɰa] |
ゐ wi [(ɰ)i] |
ゑ we [(ɰ)e] |
を wo [(ɰ)o] |
||||
| * | ん n [n m ŋ] before stop consonants; [ɴ ɰ̃] elsewhere |
っ (indicates a geminate consonant) |
ゝ (reduplicates and unvoices syllable) |
ゞ (reduplicates and voices syllable) | ||||
| Diacritics (gojūon with (han)dakuten) | Digraphs with diacritics (yōon with (han)dakuten) | |||||||
| a | i | u | e | o | ya | yu | yo | |
| G | が ga [ɡa] |
ぎ gi [ɡi] |
ぐ gu [ɡɯ] |
げ ge [ɡe] |
ご go [ɡo] |
ぎゃ gya [ɡʲa] |
ぎゅ gyu [ɡʲɯ] |
ぎょ gyo [ɡʲo] |
| Z | ざ za [za] |
じ ji [(d)ʑi] |
ず zu [(d)zɯ] |
ぜ ze [ze] |
ぞ zo [zo] |
じゃ ja [(d)ʑa] |
じゅ ju [(d)ʑɯ] |
じょ jo [(d)ʑo] |
| D | だ da [da] |
ぢ ji [(d)ʑi] |
づ zu [(d)zɯ] |
で de [de] |
ど do [do] |
ぢゃ ja [(d)ʑa] |
ぢゅ ju [(d)ʑɯ] |
ぢょ jo [(d)ʑo] |
| B | ば ba [ba] |
び bi [bi] |
ぶ bu [bɯ] |
べ be [be] |
ぼ bo [bo] |
びゃ bya [bʲa] |
びゅ byu [bʲɯ] |
びょ byo [bʲo] |
| P | ぱ pa [pa] |
ぴ pi [pi] |
ぷ pu [pɯ] |
ぺ pe [pe] |
ぽ po [po] |
ぴゃ pya [pʲa] |
ぴゅ pyu [pʲɯ] |
ぴょ pyo [pʲo] |
ကိုးကား[ပြင်ဆင်ရန်]
- ↑ http://daijirin.dual-d.net/extra/hiragana.html
「平」とは平凡な、やさしいという意で、当時普通に使用する文字体系であったことを意味する。 漢字は書簡文や重要な文章などを書く場合に用いる公的な文字であるのに対して、 平仮名は漢字の知識に乏しい人々などが用いる私的な性格のものであった。
Translation: 平 [the "hira" part of "hiragana"] means "ordinary" or "simple" since at that time [the time that the name was given] it was a writing system for everyday use. While kanji was the official system used for letter-writing and important texts, hiragana was for personal use by people who had limited knowledge of kanji. - ↑ "Japanese calligraphy" (in en)၊ Encyclopedia Britannica။
